Handing out flyers and meeting Judy Sijlbing

As I pause in front of toko Prem on the Amsterdamsestraatweg in Utrecht on Saturday 19 June, carefully lowering my takeout portion of Roti into the bicycle bag, I spot a woman standing on the other side of the road. She seems Surinamese and that is unusual, because one rarely encounters Surinamese in Utrecht. I hand her a flyer, she squints and says, “But I know you,” and she names the neighbourhood I live in and the year I defended my thesis. “Did you receive my father’s flower arrangement on the day of your graduation, Mrs Redmond? He asked me to send it with his congratulations.” Her last name is Sijlbing.

 

“Then you are Master Síjlbing’s daughter!” I exclaim. He was the headmaster in the sixties of my secondary school in Paramaribo, the Hendrikschool on Gravenstraat.

 

I believe I did indeed receive the bouquet back then. We are talking about 1993. The old school headmaster was – his daughter says – so proud of me, that he had asked her from Surinam to send his former student a bouquet of flowers on that important day. I am again surprised, as if I received the flowers again on the spot.

 

What a coincidence, to come across this daughter who recognizes my name on the flyer and who reminds me of this action. Just another meeting, with a flyer in hand, on a sunny Saturday morning in Utrecht.

Headmaster Sijlbing, the signifier

The all-powerful headmaster of the school stood at a distance from me, it seemed. My four years at this school were, for reasons described in the book, stressful at times. It was not the required intellectual baggage that was the challenge, but my social position as a child from a humble background, because most of the students were from the well-to-do class. Their parents belonged to the colonial administrative elite, whether they were wholesalers of Jewish, Chinese, or Hindustani origin, or Portuguese shopkeepers in the inner city. A few were Creole. According to Esseline Gummels, Aunt Es, to whom I have devoted a chapter in the book The Doorsons, my great-aunt Sophie Redmond also attended this school, as did a Creole pharmacist Esseline Polanen.

 

My classmates were the problem. A recurring topic of conversation among them – and the same was true at the public primary school, the Julianaschool – was the constant trouble their mothers had with the Creole maids: clumsy, neglectful, sometimes unreliable. My fellow students seemed to be bidding up against each other. It was clearly a cliche theme that I had better keep quiet about, because my family supplied those kinds of maids. My older aunts all had a “ma’am,” often a demanding person. Besides, I knew perfectly well that those toiling black women were more dexterous than their employers. Non-working, complaining and dependent as they were.

 

Although I hardly exchanged more than a few words with Mr. Sijlbing, who was also my mathematics teacher, I was aware during my four-year stay at the school that he was well-disposed towards me, precisely through a form of signifying, or giving meaning.

 

It is that African American way of assigning extra meanings to language and behaviour, as I illustrate with examples in the book The Doorsons, in the guideline on narrative techniques.

 

Master Sijlbing added another name to mine. Of course, he knew what I was called, but he gave that slender shy girl a new name anyway, for a purpose. Master Sijlbing was doing that form of signifying they call name giving, choosing a special name. It became Rosie. He always pronounced the name slowly. “Rooosie.” With these two interventions, he let me know: ‘I see you.’ Mr. Sijlbing knew that my parents sometimes had difficulty paying the exorbitantly high school fees. He arranged a book scholarship for me. After I left school, I never saw or heard of him again, until, as above, I ran into his daughter on that Saturday in June in Utrecht. It was amazing that the man saw me back then, and thought of me when I obtained my PhD. And moreover, that I met his daughter and that she also recognized me… If those aren’t gems? All obtained with a Doorson flyer.

Voor mij waren de gespreksthema’s van mijn klasgenoten een probleem. Een terugkerend onderwerp, en dat was ook al het geval op de openbare basisschool de Julianaschool, waren de perikelen van hun moeders met de Creoolse dienstmeisjes. Die zouden onhandig en soms onbetrouwbaar zijn en hun plichten verzaken. Mijn medeleerlingen leken tegen elkaar op te bieden. Het was duidelijk een clichéthema. Ik deed er het zwijgen toe want mijn familie leverde dat soort dienstmeisjes. Mijn oudere tantes hadden allemaal een ‘mevrouw’ en zij was vaak een veeleisend persoon. Bovendien wist ik donders goed dat die zwoegende zwarte vrouwen handiger waren dan hun werkgeefsters, niet-werkend, klagend en afhankelijk als ze waren.

Tijdens mijn vierjarig vertoeven op de Hendrikschool wisselde ik nauwelijks een paar woorden met meneer Sijlbing, die behalve directeur ook mijn wiskundeleraar was. Toch wist ik dat hij mij goedgezind was, juist door een vorm van signifying of betekenisgeving. Signifying is de Afro-Amerikaanse manier om extra betekenissen toe te kennen aan taal en gedrag, zoals ik met voorbeelden duidelijk maak in De Doorsons, in de leidraad verteltechnieken.

Meester Sijlbing voegde een andere naam toe aan de mijne. Natuurlijk wist hij hoe ik genoemd werd, maar hij gaf dat tengere verlegen meisje toch een nieuwe naam, en met een doel, want meester Sijlbing deed aan die vorm van signifying die ze namegiving noemen: het kiezen van een speciale naam. Het werd Rosie. Hij sprak de naam altijd langzaam uit: ‘Rooosie.’ Met deze twee ingrepen liet hij mij weten: ‘Ik zie je wel.’ Meneer Sijlbing wist dat mijn ouders soms moeite hadden het exorbitant hoge bedrag aan schoolgeld te voldoen. Hij regelde een boekenbeurs voor mij. Nadat ik de school op mijn veertiende verliet, heb ik hem nooit meer gezien, totdat ik, zoals hierboven beschreven, zijn dochter tegenkwam op die bewuste zaterdag in juni in Utrecht. Bijzonder dat de man mij toen zag, dat hij aan me dacht toen ik promoveerde, en dat ik zijn dochter tegenkwam en zij mij herkende. Zijn dat geen pareltjes? Allemaal verkregen door een Doorsonflyer.

Why searching for your roots?

There are other people in the room, including descendants of plantation owners, some of whom are nobility, as is Maartje Duin’s mother.

 

I am approached by two young women who are also on the side of the people who invested in plantations and who think and write about this period. They’re not out yet.

One of them wants to ask me a crucial question: “My father wonders: what’s the point of always wanting to search for your roots?”

 

I am thinking of the YouTube video by Prof. Henry Louis Gates Jr., the man I spoke to in the US in 1988 while writing my dissertation on black people’s narrative techniques. He is also the researcher responsible for revealing Oprah Winfrey’s family tree. The images show how happy people become from finding their roots and how they grow in a mental sense from a ‘nobody’ to a ‘human being.’ The findings appear to have a healing effect.

 

My answer: “If your father wanted to, he could always consult an archive by just opening a drawer, so to speak, to bring out his family history. The descendants of slaves cannot. Everything has been taken from them: their family, their name, their identity. They were chattel, or a commodity, not people. Nothing was written down. The enslaved must now ground themselves by finding their roots. Many unconsciously still feel like a ‘nobody’.”

Meeting Maartje Duin and Peggy Bouva

June 18, 2021. A small room in the Rijksmuseum during the exhibition on slavery.

I join the aftermath of one of the 3 sessions of Maartje and Peggy. There are other people who are looking for their family past and present from the side of the owners.

Duin produced the award-winning podcast together with her mother, Mrs. Albertine Duin-van Lynden, and Peggy Bouva: The Plantation of Our Ancestors (VPRO).

 

This told story seems to be a pendant to my written search for my family: The Doorsons. (June 1, 2021, Arbeiderspers). I also met – from Peggy’s point of view – the descendants of our slave owners: the Dessé family in Utrecht, who are mentioned extensively in the book.

Slavery? The Dessé family themselves had no idea what it entailed, and the only thing you could blame them for now is that, like most Dutch people, they enjoy the advantages of an uninhibited view and an untouched world view because of this silenced history. “What are you talking about? Why bother? This all happened so long ago!“

Eveline Sint-Nicolaas, curator of the slavery exhibition, has made a start on the book The Doorsons and she found one sentence important: “That you don’t want to let your guests wander around, but take them by the hand.” She took us by the hand through the exhibition and pointed out the boy:  I thank her for admitting to me that, initially, she failed to notice that little Negro boy in the famous painting. But that was precisely as the artist intended, and so the boy was largely overlooked until this exhibition, 250 years after the start of the slave period.

Jörgen Raymann will also host a number of talk shows in the Rijksmuseum about slavery and its impact, such as the development of the role of women.